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The Big Bang Theory is the leading scientific model of the universeās origin and evolution. It states that the universe expanded from an extremely hot, dense early state approximately 13.787 billion years ago. Modern versions include cosmic inflation, a brief period of accelerated expansion that explains the universeās large-scale uniformity and near-flat geometry. After inflation and reheating, the universe cooled, allowing subatomic particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, stars, galaxies, and larger cosmic structures to form. The theory is supported by several independent observations, including the expansion and redshift of galaxies, the cosmic microwave background radiation, the abundance of light elements, and the large-scale structure of the universe. Its development involved contributions from Alexander Friedmann, Georges LemaĆ®tre, Edwin Hubble, and others. The current Lambda-CDM model also includes dark matter and dark energy, although the nature of these components, the matterāantimatter imbalance, and conditions before the earliest known stages remain unresolved questions.
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