A converts mechanical energy into electrical energy for an external circuit.

Context: Generator function and energy conversion

In a rotating machine, the is the stationary part that surrounds the rotor.

Context: Generator construction: rotor vs stator

The is the rotating part of an electrical machine that moves relative to the stator.

Context: Generator construction: rotor vs stator

A generator’s rotor and stator form a where a changing magnetic field induces current in windings.

Context: Magnetic circuit in rotating machines

Field winding / field coils produce the magnetic field, while the windings generate the electric current that powers the external circuit.

Context: Generator construction: field vs armature

A produces pulsing direct current using a commutator.

Context: Generator types: dynamos vs alternators

An produces alternating current without a commutator.

Context: Generator types: dynamos vs alternators

A commutator reverses armature connections every 180° rotation, converting raw induced current into .

Context: DC dynamo commutator mechanism

Faraday’s Law of Induction states that an electromotive force is generated in a conductor that encircles a varying .

Context: Faraday’s law of induction

A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field produces current that changes direction every 180°, so the raw induced current is unless converted.

Context: Cause→effect: rotation and current direction

Remanent magnetism exists in the iron core when the generator first starts turning, which causes a small armature current to flow and field coils.

Context: Self-excitation bootstrap: cause→effect

Self-excitation uses remanent magnetism to start current in the armature, which then strengthens field coils until saturation sets the steady output. This process is called .

Context: Self-excitation concept

A homopolar generator rotates a conductive disc/cylinder in a uniform static magnetic field, which causes a potential difference between the center and rim/ends, enabling high output.

Context: Homopolar generator principle: cause→effect

The Faraday disk is also called a generator concept.

Context: Terminology: Faraday disk vs homopolar generator

Synchronous generators are directly connected to the grid and must be properly during startup.

Context: AC alternators and synchronous generator grid synchronization