Definition and Scope of Psychology

Summary

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes humans and nonhumans, conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, motivation, perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, personality, and subjective experience. As a broad academic discipline, psychology bridges the natural and social sciences and examines both individual and group behavior. The field also investigates the biological and neurophysiological foundations of mental processes, as well as interpersonal relationships, family and social life, development, health, education, work, sports, law, and the media. Psychologists use empirical research to study causal and correlational relationships, while applied psychologists assess and treat mental health problems and address challenges in everyday human activity. Overall, psychology aims to understand behavior and mental functioning and to apply that knowledge for the benefit of individuals and society.

Key Points

• 1

  Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.

• 2

  It examines conscious and unconscious processes in humans and nonhumans.

• 3

  Its scope includes thoughts, feelings, motives, perception, cognition, emotion, intelligence, personality, and social behavior.

• 4

  Psychology connects the natural sciences, social sciences, neuroscience, and health-related disciplines.

• 5

  Psychological knowledge is applied in mental health treatment and in areas such as education, workplaces, development, sports, law, and media.

• 6

  Psychologists use empirical methods to investigate causal and correlational relationships and to understand individual and group behavior.