Deepfakes: Technology, Uses, and Risks

Deepfake Definition and Synthetic Media

Deepfakes are images, videos, or audio that are edited or generated using artificial intelligence, machine learning, or advanced audio-video editing tools. The term combines “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes may portray real or fictional people and are considered a form of synthetic media: artificially created media that combines or transforms existing elements into a new artifact. Deepfake technology commonly uses neural-network techniques such as autoencoders and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to reproduce facial features, expressions, voices, body movements, or speech with increasing realism. Although media manipulation existed before artificial intelligence, deepfakes are distinguished by their automated, data-driven methods and convincing results. They can support entertainment, education, accessibility, and creative expression, but also create risks involving misinformation, non-consensual sexual imagery, impersonation, fraud, blackmail, harassment, and election interference. As a result, researchers, technology companies, and governments are developing detection tools, labeling systems, policies, and other safeguards.

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Artificial Intelligence Techniques Behind Deepfakes

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