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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to control how HTML content looks when a browser renders it. While HTML structures a document, CSS determines the styling—such as text appearance, colors, spacing, and overall layout—so pages can be designed beyond the browser’s basic default styles. Browsers apply CSS by first converting the HTML into a DOM tree, then collecting CSS rules (from inline styles or external .css files), matching them to elements using selectors, and producing a render tree that is finally painted to the screen. CSS is rule-based: selectors target elements, and declaration blocks assign property/value pairs (e.g., setting heading color and font size).
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Web browsers apply basic default CSS styles to HTML elements even when a webpage author provides no custom styling. These styles make HTML documents readable by displaying headings in larger text, separating paragraphs with line breaks and spacing, and distinguishing links with color and underlining. Browser default styles come from built-in CSS stylesheets, not from HTML itself. HTML defines a document’s content and structure, while CSS controls its visual presentation. Authors can override or enhance the default appearance with CSS to create customized typography, layouts, colors, spacing, animations, and other visual effects.
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