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In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound that contains at least one hydroxyl (–OH) functional group attached to a saturated carbon atom. The presence of the OH group strongly changes the behavior of hydrocarbons by making the molecule more polar and hydrophilic, and it also provides a reactive site where many chemical reactions can occur. A key criterion used to classify alcohols is the number of carbon atoms connected to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group. Primary alcohols have the general form RCH2OH, secondary alcohols have RR'CHOH, and tertiary alcohols have RR'R"COH. This primary/secondary/tertiary distinction is important because it influences typical reaction pathways and properties of the alcohols.
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