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An alcohol (in chemistry) is an organic compound that contains at least one hydroxyl (–OH) functional group attached to a saturated carbon atom. The hydroxyl group strongly changes the behavior of hydrocarbons by making the molecule more polar and hydrophilic (water-attracting). It also provides a reactive site where many chemical transformations can occur. The hydroxyl group’s presence influences key properties such as solubility and boiling point: alcohols can form hydrogen bonds with each other and with many other compounds, making many alcohols more water-soluble than comparable hydrocarbons. In naming and structure, alcohols are further classified by the carbon atom bearing the –OH group: primary alcohols have the pattern RCH2OH, secondary alcohols are RR'CHOH, and tertiary alcohols are RR'R"COH. This classification affects typical reaction pathways and reactivity.
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