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Settlement around Rome began to appear around c. 1000 BC, with major organization developing by about c. 800 BC.
Early Italy and the founding of Rome describe how settlement and political development in central Italy led to the rise of Rome. Archaeological evidence shows small settlements around Rome emerging around c. 1000 BC, with larger-scale organization appearing by about c. 800 BC. Over the following centuries, Romans drained the valley between the Capitoline and Palatine hills (later the Roman Forum) and expanded their urban and religious infrastructure, including major building projects such as the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus by the 6th century BC.
Settlement around Rome began to appear around c. 1000 BC, with major organization developing by about c. 800 BC.
From c. 650 BC, Romans drained the valley between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, shaping the future Roman Forum.
By the 6th century BC, Rome was building major religious and civic structures and expanding its presence toward the Forum Boarium.
Roman tradition explained Rome’s origins through founding myths of Romulus and Remus, later dated by Roman antiquarians to 753 BC.
A second origin legend, recorded by Dionysius of Halicarnassus and echoed in Virgil’s Aeneid, links Rome to Trojan refugees led by Aeneas and a figure named Roma.
The later name for the initial settlement area on the Palatine Hill associated with Romulus’s founding of Rome.
A system of reciprocal rights of marriage and citizenship among Latin cities, suggesting shared culture in early central Italy.
A palace-like building attributed to c. 625 BC, associated with Rome’s early regal period and early political institutions.
Rome’s founding myth in which the twins, linked to Mars and Alba Longa, are rescued and Romulus ultimately becomes the city’s sole founder.
A founding story in which Trojan survivors led by Aeneas reach the Tiber and a woman named Roma helps name the settlement after her.
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