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Apple was founded on April 1, 1976, as the Apple Computer Company by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in Los Altos, California, to market Wozniak’s Apple I. Jobs and Wozniak financed early production by selling personal assets, and the Apple I was sold as a pre-assembled motherboard designed to connect directly to a television. The company incorporated in Cupertino, California, on January 3, 1977, with Wayne leaving shortly after its founding and selling his stake back to Jobs and Wozniak; business expertise and additional funding came from Mike Markkula during incorporation.
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Apple II success was driven by the release of VisiCalc in 1979, which became the first widely adopted spreadsheet program and an early “killer application” for personal computers. Initially available exclusively for the Apple II, VisiCalc turned the Apple II into a practical business tool, helping establish Apple’s position in the rapidly growing personal computer market. The Apple II itself was already a major commercial breakthrough: it was mass-produced as a complete system with a built-in keyboard and color graphics, and it supported an open architecture. With the later introduction of the Disk II floppy drive in 1978, the Apple II gained faster, more reliable storage than cassette-based systems, further strengthening its appeal for everyday use. Together, the Apple II’s hardware readiness and VisiCalc’s business-focused software demand created a strong feedback loop—more users adopted the Apple II for spreadsheet work, and that helped Apple become one of the first major winners in the home and small-business computer space.
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