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Autonomy is defined as acting without direct human control, supported by self-maintenance, environmental sensing, task execution, and autonomous navigation.
An autonomous robot is a robot that can perform behaviors or tasks without recourse to human control. The article frames autonomy through a set of components and criteria: physical self-maintenance (e.g., monitoring internal status such as battery level and seeking charging), sensing the environment (exteroception through multiple environmental sensors and the ability to recognize sensor failures), task performance (carrying out physical work and increasingly conditional behaviors), and autonomous navigation (localization and movement indoors and outdoors using maps, sensor fusion, and real-time path updates).
Autonomy is defined as acting without direct human control, supported by self-maintenance, environmental sensing, task execution, and autonomous navigation.
Indoor navigation typically relies on localization and mapping from sensors (often laser-based) with path replanning when blocked; outdoor navigation is harder for ground vehicles due to complex terrain and changing conditions.
The scope of autonomous robotics includes open research problems such as robustness in real-world environments, open-world scene understanding, multi-robot coordination, simulation-to-real transfer, and safe societal/ethical integration.
Autonomous robots have evolved from early experimental systems (e.g., Elmer and Elsie) to modern applications such as space probes, domestic robots, general-use mobile robots, and military systems (e.g., lethal autonomous weapons).
A robot that acts without recourse to human control.
Sensing one’s own internal status (e.g., battery level or heat) to support self-maintenance.
Sensing information about the external environment using environmental sensors.
Determining a robot’s position so it can associate behaviors with a place and navigate point-to-point.
The ability of a robot to plan and execute routes using sensing and mapping, including real-time replanning when obstacles appear.
The discrepancy between simulation-trained robot behavior and performance in real-world environments.
Military autonomous systems that can independently search for and engage targets within programmed constraints.
“Can you explain what "Autonomy is defined as acting without direct human control, supported by self-maintenance, environmental sensing, task execution, and autonomous navigation." means in simple terms?”