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The Korean War was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953. After Japan's defeat in World War II, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel into Soviet and American occupation zones. Political disagreements led to the creation of two rival states in 1948: communist North Korea, led by Kim Il Sung, and anti-communist South Korea, led by Syngman Rhee. Both governments claimed authority over the entire peninsula, and border clashes and internal rebellions preceded the war. North Korea invaded South Korea and quickly captured Seoul, forcing South Korean and United Nations forces into the Pusan Perimeter. A successful UN landing at Inchon reversed the advance, allowing UN forces to recapture Seoul and move into North Korea. China intervened in October 1950, pushing UN forces back and contributing to repeated changes in control around Seoul and the 38th parallel. Fighting eventually settled into a prolonged war of attrition, while armistice negotiations continued. The 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement ended active combat, established the four-kilometre-wide Demilitarized Zone, and enabled prisoner exchanges, but no formal peace treaty was signed. The war caused roughly one million military deaths, between 1.5 and 3 million civilian deaths, and left the Korean conflict unresolved.
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