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The origins of the United Nations lie in the Allied effort during World War II to create a stronger international system capable of preventing future conflicts. Building on the failed League of Nations and earlier international organizations, representatives of Allied and exiled governments signed the Declaration of St. James's Palace in London in June 1941. The Atlantic Charter, agreed by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in August 1941, expanded this vision by promoting international cooperation, security, self-determination, and a postwar order based on shared principles. The term "United Nations" was first officially used in the Declaration by United Nations, signed by 26 Allied governments on 1–2 January 1942. Plans for a permanent organization developed through the Moscow and Tehran conferences in 1943, the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944, and the Yalta Conference in February 1945, where the Allies agreed on the basic structure and the Security Council veto. At the San Francisco Conference, 50 nations finalized and signed the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. After ratification, the United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, replacing the League of Nations as the central institution for international cooperation and peace.
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