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Biotechnology uses organisms, cells, biological molecules, and biological processes to develop products and services that benefit humans and the environment.
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that integrates biology, natural sciences, engineering, and computational methods to use living organisms, cells, genes, or biological systems to create products and services. Its core principle is to harness biological processes in organisms such as bacteria, yeast, plants, and animal cells to perform useful tasks, produce valuable substances, or improve existing traits. The field supports both applied research and basic biological science. Core biotechnology methods include genetic engineering and gene editing, which modify an organism's genetic material; tissue and cell culture, which grow cells or tissues under controlled laboratory conditions; fermentation, which uses microorganisms to produce foods, chemicals, and medicines; and bioinformatics, which applies computational tools to organize and analyze biological data. Applications include pharmaceuticals, vaccines, genetic testing, agriculture, biofuels, industrial chemicals, biodegradable materials, waste treatment, and environmental cleanup. Biotechnology offers major benefits but also raises ethical, environmental, safety, regulatory, and intellectual-property concerns.
Biotechnology uses organisms, cells, biological molecules, and biological processes to develop products and services that benefit humans and the environment.
It combines disciplines such as molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, biochemistry, cell biology, engineering, and bioinformatics.
Genetic engineering and gene editing enable scientists to insert, remove, or modify genes to produce desired traits or substances.
Tissue culture and fermentation are important techniques for growing biological materials and producing foods, medicines, chemicals, and other products.
Major applications occur in medicine, agriculture, industrial manufacturing, food production, environmental protection, and energy.
Biotechnology must be evaluated through safety assessments, ethical oversight, regulation, and consideration of social and environmental impacts.
The application of living organisms, cells, biological systems, or biological processes to develop useful products and services.
The deliberate modification of an organism's genetic material to introduce, remove, or alter specific traits.
A set of techniques used to make precise changes to DNA within an organism's genome.
The laboratory growth and maintenance of cells, tissues, or organs under controlled conditions.
A biological process in which microorganisms convert nutrients into useful products such as alcohols, acids, foods, or industrial chemicals.
The use of computational methods to store, organize, analyze, and interpret biological data.
The use of organisms or biological processes to remove, break down, or neutralize environmental pollutants.
A related field that applies engineering and natural-science principles to cells, tissues, organisms, and biological systems.
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