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Blood type/blood group is determined by inherited RBC surface antigens and the antibodies present in blood.
Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of specific inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and the corresponding antibodies in the blood. These antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, and different blood group systems define different sets of antigens. Several RBC surface antigens can come from variants of the same gene and together form a blood group system. Blood types are inherited from both parents and are usually stable for life. As of June 2025, the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes 48 human blood group systems. The two most clinically important systems are ABO and Rh: together they determine the common blood type labels (A, B, AB, O) and whether the RhD antigen is present (noted as “+” or “−”)—information that is essential for safe blood transfusion.
Blood type/blood group is determined by inherited RBC surface antigens and the antibodies present in blood.
ABO and Rh are the most important blood group systems for transfusion compatibility (A, B, AB, O plus RhD status).
Multiple blood group systems exist (48 recognized by ISBT as of June 2025), and an individual’s blood type reflects combinations of antigen presence/absence.
Blood type is generally stable throughout life, with rare changes possible after events like infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy, or bone marrow transplant.
A classification of blood based on inherited antigen presence/absence on RBC surfaces and the corresponding antibodies in the blood.
A major blood group system defined by the presence of A and/or B antigens on RBCs and the corresponding anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies.
A major blood group system in which the presence or absence of the RhD antigen is reported as “+” or “−” and strongly affects transfusion compatibility.
A molecule on RBC surfaces (e.g., A/B or RhD) that can trigger an immune response if the recipient has matching antibodies.
An immune protein in blood serum that can bind to specific RBC antigens and cause transfusion reactions if incompatible blood is given.
A set of related RBC antigens that are inherited together and collectively define a particular blood group classification framework.
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