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Democracy is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people. In a direct democracy, citizens participate directly in making laws and decisions, while in a representative democracy, they elect officials to govern on their behalf. Modern democracy is usually representative and may take parliamentary or presidential forms. Democracy is commonly associated with competitive elections, political equality, the rule of law, civil liberties, human rights, and the consent of the governed. Important protections include freedom of speech, assembly, association, and religion, along with voting rights and minority rights. The term originated in ancient Greek city-states, particularly Athens, and means “rule of the people.” Although citizenship was initially limited to select groups, modern democratic systems gradually expanded political participation to most or all adult citizens.
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