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The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and in vertebrates it is a closed system.
The circulatory system is an organ system in vertebrates that circulates blood throughout the body. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and is often described as the cardiovascular (or vascular) system. In vertebrates, it is a closed system, meaning blood stays within the network of vessels. The system is organized into two major circuits: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation moves deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then returns oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart. Systemic circulation delivers oxygenated blood from the left heart to the rest of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via large veins (the venae cavae). Blood vessels form the pathways for this flow and include arteries, capillaries, and veins (with specialized routes such as portal, coronary, cerebral, and renal circulations).
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and in vertebrates it is a closed system.
It has two main circuits: pulmonary circulation (heart ↔ lungs) and systemic circulation (heart ↔ body).
Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries, and veins, with additional specialized vascular routes (e.g., portal, coronary, cerebral, renal).
Blood (plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste-related materials throughout the body.
An organ system that circulates blood through the body using the heart and blood vessels.
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood from the right heart to the lungs for oxygenation and returns it to the left heart.
The circuit that delivers oxygenated blood from the left heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via large veins.
The network of arteries, capillaries, and veins that transports blood throughout the body.
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, typically under higher pressure.
Tiny vessels where exchange occurs between blood and body tissues.
Blood vessels that return blood to the heart, typically at lower pressure than arteries.
Veins that route blood through a second capillary bed rather than directly returning to the heart (e.g., hepatic portal vein).
The specialized blood supply that nourishes the heart muscle itself.
The blood supply to the brain, supplied by anterior and posterior arterial systems that join at the circle of Willis.
The blood supply to the kidneys, branching from the abdominal aorta and returning via the inferior vena cava.
A complementary open subsystem that returns excess filtered fluid to the bloodstream and supports immune defense.
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