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Diabetes results from inadequate insulin production or the body's inability to use insulin effectively, causing high blood glucose.
Diabetes is a chronic condition caused either by insufficient insulin production, as in type 1 diabetes, or by the body's ineffective use of insulin, as in type 2 diabetes. This leads to hyperglycaemia, or persistently high blood glucose. Type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin and has no known prevention method. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for more than 95% of cases, is associated with overweight, physical inactivity and genetic factors and can often be prevented or delayed through a healthy lifestyle. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and increases future risks for both the mother and child. Uncontrolled high blood glucose gradually damages blood vessels and nerves throughout the body. It can affect the heart and brain by increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke; the kidneys, causing kidney disease and failure; the eyes, causing retinopathy and permanent vision loss; and the nerves and blood flow in the feet, leading to ulcers, infection and possible lower-limb amputation. Diabetes can also cause fatigue, excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision and unintended weight loss. Early diagnosis, healthy eating, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco, medication and routine screening can help prevent or delay organ damage.
Diabetes results from inadequate insulin production or the body's inability to use insulin effectively, causing high blood glucose.
Type 2 diabetes is linked to excess weight, physical inactivity and genetics and is often preventable or delayable.
Persistent hyperglycaemia damages blood vessels and nerves, affecting the heart, brain, kidneys, eyes and feet.
Major complications include heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, foot ulcers and lower-limb amputation.
Regular blood-glucose testing, healthy lifestyle changes, medication and screening for complications reduce the risk of organ damage.
A chronic disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively.
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood, commonly caused by uncontrolled diabetes.
A form of diabetes involving deficient insulin production that requires daily insulin treatment.
The most common form of diabetes, in which the body uses insulin ineffectively and may eventually produce insufficient insulin.
Damage to the blood vessels of the eyes caused by diabetes that can lead to vision loss or blindness.
Diabetes-related damage to the kidneys that can progress to kidney failure.
Nerve damage caused by diabetes that can lead to pain, numbness and foot complications.
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