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Diabetes is defined by sustained hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production and/or insulin resistance.
Diabetes mellitus (commonly called diabetes) is a group of endocrine diseases defined by sustained high blood sugar levels. This occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not respond properly to insulin, leading to glucose remaining in the bloodstream instead of being taken up by cells. The core mechanism centers on insulin dysfunction. In type 1 diabetes, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells causes severe insulin deficiency, so the body cannot produce sufficient insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the main problem is insulin resistance (reduced effectiveness of insulin at its receptor), often combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion, which prevents normal glucose uptake and regulation. If diabetes is not controlled, chronic hyperglycemia damages blood vessels and contributes to long-term complications affecting the cardiovascular system and smaller blood vessels (microvascular damage), including the eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
Diabetes is defined by sustained hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production and/or insulin resistance.
Type 1 diabetes primarily involves autoimmune loss of pancreatic beta cells, causing insulin deficiency.
Type 2 diabetes primarily involves insulin resistance, often with reduced insulin secretion, leading to impaired glucose uptake.
Long-term uncontrolled high blood sugar damages blood vessels and drives major complications affecting the heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
A group of endocrine disorders characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin production and/or insulin action.
A condition in which body tissues respond poorly to insulin, so glucose is not effectively taken up from the bloodstream.
A lack of sufficient insulin production, such as from pancreatic beta-cell loss in type 1 diabetes.
Elevated blood glucose levels that result from disrupted insulin function and are central to diabetes.
Cells in the pancreatic islets that produce insulin and are targeted in type 1 diabetes.
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