Electricity foundations to applications

Definition of electricity and electromagnetism

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that carries electric charge. It is closely related to magnetism, and together they form electromagnetism, which is described by Maxwell’s equations. Electric charge produces an electric field, while the motion of charge (electric current) produces a magnetic field. In most practical situations, the force between charged particles is determined by Coulomb’s law, and the energy associated with moving charge in an electric field is captured by electric potential (voltage). Electricity is central to modern technology: it powers electric power systems (using current to energize equipment) and underpins electronics, which uses electrical circuits with active components such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. Electromagnetism also explains how time-varying electric and magnetic fields generate electromagnetic waves, linking electricity to light and enabling communication technologies.

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Electric charge and elementary charge

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