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Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces and acts between electrically charged particles through electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetism is the fundamental interaction between electrically charged particles through electric and magnetic fields. It unifies electricity, magnetism, and optics and is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Electromagnetic forces have unlimited range and govern atomic structure, molecular bonding, chemical reactions, and many everyday forces between materials. The interaction of charges and currents is described by electromagnetic fields, while the force on a moving charge is given by the Lorentz force, F = q(E + v × B). The subject includes electrostatics, which studies stationary charges; magnetostatics, which examines steady currents and magnetic fields; and electrodynamics, which concerns changing electric and magnetic fields. Maxwell's equations provide the classical mathematical framework and show that changing electric and magnetic fields can propagate as electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, visible light, X-rays, and gamma rays. Special relativity established that electric and magnetic fields are aspects of the same phenomenon, while quantum electrodynamics describes electromagnetic interactions in terms of photons. Electromagnetism underlies technologies such as electric power systems, motors, electronics, communications, sensors, fiber optics, and semiconductor devices.
Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces and acts between electrically charged particles through electric and magnetic fields.
Its major subdisciplines are electrostatics, magnetostatics, and electrodynamics.
The Lorentz force describes the force on a charged particle moving through electric and magnetic fields.
Maxwell's equations unify electricity and magnetism and predict electromagnetic waves, including visible light.
Electric and magnetic fields transform into one another for observers in different states of motion, as explained by special relativity.
Quantum electrodynamics extends classical electromagnetism by describing field changes as discrete photons.
Electromagnetism is essential to chemistry, atomic and molecular structure, power generation, electronics, communication, and mechanical devices.
A physical field varying across space and time that represents electric and magnetic influences produced by and acting on charges.
The force per unit charge experienced by a test charge at a particular location.
A field produced by moving charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials that influences moving charges and magnetic moments.
The combined electric and magnetic force on a charge, expressed as F = q(E + v × B).
A set of fundamental equations describing the behavior of electric and magnetic fields and their relationship to charges and currents.
The study of stationary or slowly changing electric charges and the fields and potentials they produce.
The study of magnetic fields generated by steady electric currents or stationary magnetic configurations.
The study of time-varying electric and magnetic fields, currents, and their interactions.
A propagating oscillation of electric and magnetic fields that travels through space at the speed of light in vacuum.
A quantum or discrete unit of electromagnetic radiation.
The potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field.
A vector quantity represented by B that measures the strength and direction of a magnetic field and is measured in teslas.
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