Emotional Intelligence: Models, Measurement, and Applications

Emotional intelligence definition

Emotional intelligence (EI), also called emotional quotient (EQ), is the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. It includes recognizing and labeling feelings, using emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, understanding how emotions develop and relate to one another, and regulating emotions to adapt to situations and support personal growth. EI is also associated with emotional literacy and empathy. Researchers describe EI through three main approaches: the ability model, which treats it as a set of cognitive-emotional abilities; the mixed model, which combines emotional competencies such as self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills; and the trait model, which views it as self-perceived emotional dispositions within personality. Although EI is linked to social relationships, well-being, leadership, and job performance in many studies, researchers continue to debate its definition, measurement, relationship to IQ and personality, and whether it is primarily learned or innate.

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Core emotional intelligence abilities

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