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Political science scientifically studies politics, power, governance, political behavior, institutions, laws, and public policies.
Political science is the scientific and social-scientific study of politics, power, governance, political behavior, institutions, laws, constitutions, and public policy. It examines how power is allocated and transferred in decision-making, how governments and international organizations operate, and how political systems influence outcomes such as stability, justice, peace, public health, and material well-being. Unlike political philosophy, which mainly evaluates politics according to normative values and ideals, political science emphasizes descriptive and explanatory analysis supported by empirical evidence, while also including normative approaches that recommend policies or assess political arrangements. The field has a broad scope and includes the study of domestic and comparative politics, international relations, public administration, public policy, political institutions, elections, public opinion, legislatures, judiciaries, foreign policy, political transitions, and crises. Political scientists use diverse methods, including surveys, experiments, case studies, historical and institutional analysis, ethnography, interviews, process tracing, game theory, formal modeling, and agent-based models. As a modern academic discipline, political science developed in the late nineteenth century and expanded through the behavioral revolution, quantitative research, formal modeling, and later methodological pluralism.
Political science scientifically studies politics, power, governance, political behavior, institutions, laws, and public policies.
It primarily seeks to describe and explain political realities using empirical evidence, while also supporting normative analysis and policy recommendations.
Its scope includes domestic, comparative, and international politics; governments and organizations; elections; public opinion; legislatures; courts; foreign policy; and political crises.
The discipline uses methodologically diverse approaches, including surveys, experiments, case studies, interviews, ethnography, historical analysis, process tracing, game theory, and formal models.
Political science emerged as a distinct university discipline in the late nineteenth century and was strongly shaped by the behavioral revolution of the 1950s and 1960s.
The systematic study of politics, power, governance, political institutions, behavior, and public policy.
The study of political ideals and values that evaluates how politics and government ought to be organized.
The actions, opinions, attitudes, and participation of individuals and groups in political life.
The processes, institutions, and practices through which collective decisions are made and implemented.
Government decisions and courses of action designed to address public problems or achieve collective goals.
The study of political systems, institutions, behavior, and policies across different countries or regions.
The study of interactions among states, international organizations, and other global political actors.
A twentieth-century shift in political science toward empirical, quantitative, and systematic analysis of individual and group political behavior.
The use of multiple research methods and theoretical perspectives to investigate political phenomena.
Formal and informal structures, such as legislatures, executives, courts, and electoral systems, that organize political authority and behavior.
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