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A chemical solution is a homogeneous mixture where a solvent is treated differently from solutes, and concentration describes how much solute is present.
In chemistry, a solution is defined (per IUPAC) as a liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance in which one component is treated as the solvent and the others are solutes. Typically, the solute mole fractions are small enough that the mixture is considered dilute. A key related concept is concentration, which describes the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution or solvent. When water is the solvent, the solution is called an aqueous solution. Solutions can be classified by the physical state of the solvent: gaseous solutions (e.g., gases dissolved in gases like oxygen in nitrogen), liquid solutions (e.g., gases, liquids, or solids dissolved in liquids such as oxygen in water or sugar in water), and solid solutions (e.g., gases in metals, liquids in solids forming amalgams, or solids dissolved in solids such as alloys). The ability of one compound to dissolve in another is solubility, and solutions can be miscible or immiscible depending on whether components mix. Solution properties such as melting and boiling points change upon mixing and are described by colligative properties, while concentration can be quantified using measures like molarity, mole fraction, and volume fraction.
A chemical solution is a homogeneous mixture where a solvent is treated differently from solutes, and concentration describes how much solute is present.
Solutions are commonly categorized by solvent state: gaseous, liquid, or solid solutions, each with typical examples.
Solubility governs how much solute can dissolve; solutions may be saturated or supersaturated, and mixing affects physical properties via colligative properties.
A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance where one component is the solvent and the others are solutes.
The component of a solution that is treated as the dissolving medium for the solutes.
The component(s) of a solution other than the solvent.
A parameter that measures the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent.
A solution in which water is the solvent.
The ability of one compound to dissolve in another compound.
When two liquids can completely mix to form a single solution.
When two substances cannot mix to form a solution.
A solution that has dissolved as much solute as possible under given conditions.
A solution containing more dissolved solute than would normally be stable at equilibrium under the given conditions.
Physical properties (e.g., melting point and boiling point) that change depending on the number of dissolved particles rather than their identity.
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