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Computer security protects software, systems, and networks from threats that lead to data disclosure, theft, damage, or service disruption.
Computer security (also called cybersecurity or IT security) is the subdiscipline of information security focused on protecting computer software, systems, and networks from threats that can cause unauthorized disclosure of information, theft, or damage. It also aims to prevent or limit disruption and misdirection of the services these systems provide, especially as reliance on the Internet, wireless standards, and smart/IoT devices increases. The scope of computer security includes understanding vulnerabilities and the kinds of attacks that exploit them—such as backdoors, denial-of-service (DoS/DDoS), physical access attacks, eavesdropping, malware, man-in-the-middle attacks, phishing, and multi-vector polymorphic threats. It also covers practical defenses and governance activities, including vulnerability management (identifying, fixing, and mitigating flaws), reducing vulnerabilities through patching, secure design and architecture, secure operating systems and coding practices, access control models, and user security training to address human error.
Computer security protects software, systems, and networks from threats that lead to data disclosure, theft, damage, or service disruption.
The field spans both threat understanding (vulnerabilities and attack categories) and defense activities such as vulnerability management, secure design/coding, access control, and user training.
A flaw in a computer system’s structure, execution, functioning, or oversight that compromises its security.
An actor or party that maliciously seeks and exploits vulnerabilities.
A secret method of bypassing normal authentication or security controls.
Attacks designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to intended users.
Surreptitiously listening to private communications, often when traffic is not secured or encrypted.
Intentionally harmful software that can leak data, take control of systems, or corrupt/delete information.
An attack where a malicious actor intercepts or modifies communications by spoofing identities and inserting themselves between parties.
Deceptive attempts to obtain sensitive information (e.g., usernames, passwords, credit card details) by tricking users into interacting with fake resources.
A cycle of identifying, fixing, or mitigating vulnerabilities, especially in software and firmware.
A list of permissions that specifies which users or processes can access objects and what operations they may perform.
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