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Human anatomy is the scientific study of the structure and morphology of the human body. It is divided into gross anatomy, which examines structures visible to the naked eye, and microscopic anatomy, which studies tissues and cells using microscopes. Anatomy is closely related to physiology, biochemistry, embryology, and comparative anatomy, providing a foundation for understanding how the body is organized and functions. Human anatomy can be studied regionally, by areas such as the head, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, back, and limbs, or systemically, by organ systems such as the nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. It also includes surface anatomy, which identifies deeper structures through external landmarks. Anatomy is essential in medical education and clinical practice, particularly in surgery, radiology, histopathology, and other health professions, and it contributes to accurate representation of the human body in visual arts.
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Gross and microscopic anatomy are the two primary divisions of human anatomy, the scientific study of the structure and morphology of the human body. Gross anatomy, also called macroscopic, regional, or topographical anatomy, examines structures visible to the unaided eye, including organs, muscles, bones, blood vessels, and body regions. Microscopic anatomy examines structures requiring magnification and includes histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells. Anatomy can be studied regionally, such as by the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, back, upper limb, and lower limb, or systemically, such as by the nervous, respiratory, circulatory, or musculoskeletal systems. Surface anatomy focuses on landmarks visible or palpable on the body's exterior and helps clinicians locate deeper structures. Anatomical knowledge is essential in medicine, surgery, diagnostic specialties, physical therapy, nursing, dentistry, and the visual arts, and is commonly learned through models, diagrams, textbooks, microscopy, and cadaver dissection.
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