Foundations, regulation, and trends in e-commerce

Defining e-commerce

E-commerce (electronic commerce) refers to commercial activities—especially the buying and selling of products and services—conducted over online platforms or the Internet. It typically uses the web for part or all of a transaction’s life cycle (and may also use other technologies such as email). Common examples include purchasing physical goods online (e.g., books) and buying digital services such as music downloads. E-commerce is supported by electronic business technologies and processes, including mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, online marketing, transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management, and automated data collection. It can be organized into multiple areas and categories, such as online retailing, electronic markets, and online auctions, and it is often described through participant-based models like B2B (business-to-business), B2C (business-to-consumer), C2C (consumer-to-consumer), and D2C (direct-to-consumer).

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Technology foundations for e-commerce

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