GPS Learning Path: Principles to Accuracy

GPS overview and purpose

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31. Its purpose is to provide geolocation (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and precise timing to GPS receivers anywhere on or near Earth where signals can be received. GPS does not require users to transmit any data; it works independently of telephone or Internet coverage, though those technologies can enhance how GPS information is used. GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense starting in 1973, with early prototypes launched in 1978 and the full constellation becoming operational in 1993. Although it was originally intended for military use, it was made available for civilian use in the late 1980s. Over time, policies and technical improvements (such as disabling Selective Availability and modernizing satellite signals) increased civilian accuracy, enabling a wide range of military, civil, and commercial applications. GPS is structured into three main segments—space, control, and user—working together to broadcast signals, maintain satellite clock/orbit accuracy, and allow receivers to compute position and time.

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Ownership, operation, and global availability

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