Definition and purpose of graphical user interfaces

Summary

A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface that lets people interact with electronic devices using graphical icons and visual indicators rather than typed commands. GUIs are commonly used in place of text-based interfaces (command-line interfaces) because they reduce the steep learning curve associated with having to memorize and type commands. In a GUI, users typically perform actions through direct manipulation of on-screen elements such as buttons, menus, and other visual widgets. The purpose of a GUI is to make human–computer interaction more efficient and easier to use by presenting information and available actions in a visual, task-oriented way. GUI design focuses on usability: arranging visual composition and interaction behavior so the interface supports users’ goals. GUIs are built on interaction paradigms and components—most notably the WIMP model (windows, icons, menus, and a pointing device)—and they are used not only on computers but also across many handheld and embedded devices, including smartphones, ATMs, kiosks, and industrial control screens.

Key Points

• 1

  GUIs enable interaction through graphical icons and visual indicators, often replacing text-based command-line interfaces.

• 2

  GUIs are designed to improve usability by making tasks easier and more efficient through direct manipulation of visual widgets.

• 3

  Common GUI implementations use the WIMP paradigm (windows, icons, menus, pointing device) and are widely used across computers, mobile devices, and embedded systems.