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Human microbiota are site-specific communities of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea) found across many body environments.
Human microbiota are microorganisms—including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea—living in specific environments of the human body. They occur in multiple body sites such as the stomach, intestines, skin, genitals, and other regions, and different body parts host different microbial communities. Some microbes are specialized for particular sites, while others are found across many microbiomes. Overall, the human body is estimated to contain on the order of tens of trillions of bacteria, distributed across thousands of microbial species. Microbiota can be broadly categorized by bacterial shape into cocci (spherical, often non-motile), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirochetes (spiral-shaped, motile via axial filaments). Beyond these general bacterial categories, the topic also highlights that microbiota differ by anatomical region, including oral, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin, vaginal/uterine/ovarian follicle, and male reproductive tract microbiota.
Human microbiota are site-specific communities of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea) found across many body environments.
Bacteria within human microbiota can be broadly grouped by morphology into cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirochetes (spiral-shaped).
Microbial composition varies by body region, with distinct microbiota described for areas such as the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and reproductive tracts.
Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea) that inhabit specific environments on or within the human body.
Spherical or ball-shaped bacteria that can form clusters and are typically non-motile.
Rod- or cylinder-shaped bacteria found among human-associated microbial communities.
Spiral-shaped bacteria that move using axial filaments.
The collection of microorganisms living in the mouth, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, important for oral and overall health.
The microbial community in the vagina, shaped by life stages such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, and often involving Lactobacillus species that help protect against pathogens.
The microbial community associated with the uterus, with studies identifying many genera and characteristic bacterial residents.
The microbial community within ovarian follicles, studied for associations with assisted reproductive technology outcomes and birth outcomes.
The microbial community present in the male reproductive tract, including taxa detected in seminal fluid and linked to clinical contexts such as prostatitis and infertility.
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