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Sleep is a recurring, reduced-activity state with altered consciousness and inhibited sensory activity, supported by active brain patterns.
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered and sensory processing is inhibited. Compared with wakefulness, sleepers react less to stimuli, yet sleep is not “unconscious” in the same way as a coma; it involves active brain patterns that keep the person more responsive than disorders of consciousness. During sleep, muscle activity decreases markedly and interaction with the environment is reduced. A key basic feature of sleep is that it occurs in repeating periods in which the body alternates between two distinct modes: non-REM (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep typically occurs first and includes slow-wave (deep) sleep, when heart rate and body temperature fall and the brain uses less energy. REM sleep is a smaller portion of total sleep time, is strongly associated with dreaming, and features desynchronized/fast brain activity, rapid eye movements, loss of muscle tone, and changes in homeostasis. The full NREM–REM cycle averages about 90 minutes and repeats several times during a typical night.
Sleep is a recurring, reduced-activity state with altered consciousness and inhibited sensory activity, supported by active brain patterns.
Sleep alternates between non-REM (including slow-wave/deep sleep) and REM sleep in repeating cycles, typically about 90 minutes each.
REM sleep is strongly linked to dreaming and includes fast, desynchronized brain activity plus reduced muscle tone, while NREM is associated with slower brain activity and lower body temperature/heart rate.
A naturally recurring resting state in which consciousness is altered, sensory activity is inhibited, and mental and physical activity are reduced.
The sleep mode that occurs first in the cycle and includes slow-wave (deep) sleep with reduced heart rate, lower body temperature, and lower brain energy use.
A sleep mode characterized by rapid eye movements, desynchronized fast brain waves, loss of muscle tone, and frequent dreaming.
The repeating sequence of alternating NREM and REM sleep periods, averaging about 90 minutes per cycle.
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