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Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple regions (segments or image objects, i.e., sets of pixels). Its purpose is to simplify or transform the image representation into something more meaningful and easier to analyze, commonly by locating objects and their boundaries (lines/curves) and producing either a full set of segments covering the image or extracted contours. A core definition of segmentation is assigning a label to every pixel such that pixels sharing the same label exhibit certain shared characteristics (e.g., similar color, intensity, or texture). Adjacent regions should differ significantly with respect to those same characteristics, and the segmentation result can be used for downstream tasks such as measurement, diagnosis, and 3D reconstruction in applications like medical imaging.
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