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“Indus Valley Civilisation” derives from the Indus River system and the alluvial plains where early sites were discovered and excavated.
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) is named after the Indus River system, because early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated in the Indus alluvial plains. Archaeology also follows a tradition of using the name of the “type site” to refer to the civilisation: it is often called the Harappan civilisation after Harappa, the first major site excavated in the 1920s in what was then British India’s Punjab (now Punjab, Pakistan).
“Indus Valley Civilisation” derives from the Indus River system and the alluvial plains where early sites were discovered and excavated.
“Harappan” is a common alternative name, taken from Harappa as the type site excavated in the 1920s; the term is widely used in archaeological practice.
Modern labels sometimes emphasize the Ghaggar-Hakra region because many sites have been found along the Ghaggar-Hakra River system.
Some literature uses “Indus-Sarasvati” or “Sindhu-Saraswati” based on an Indigenous Aryanist identification of Ghaggar-Hakra with the Sarasvati mentioned in the Rigveda, though this is debated and not tied to the mature IVC phase.
A Bronze Age civilisation named for the Indus River system and its alluvial plains where early sites were excavated.
An alternative name for the IVC, derived from Harappa, the type site excavated in the 1920s.
The site that gives its name to a broader archaeological culture or phase, used as a reference point for identification.
A river system that features prominently in modern naming because many Indus civilisation sites have been found along it.
A naming used by some scholars that links the Ghaggar-Hakra to the Sarasvati of the Rigveda, a claim that remains controversial.
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