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Linux is a family of free and open-source, Unix-like operating systems built on the Linux kernel. First released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, it is distributed in many forms, often as Linux distributions (distros) that bundle the kernel with supporting system software and libraries from multiple projects (commonly including GNU components). While Linux was originally designed as a Unix clone, it is not identical to Unix; instead, it is a fresh re-implementation that follows Unix-like and POSIX-style interfaces. The “Unix-like family” refers to operating systems that share key concepts and standards associated with Unix (such as POSIX compatibility and typical Unix system behavior). Linux is influenced by Unix and Minix, and its ecosystem includes common Unix-style components like shells, package managers, init systems, and display servers. Not all Linux-based systems are considered distros (for example, Android is Linux-kernel-based but packaged differently), and there is also naming controversy around whether the term “GNU/Linux” should be used to emphasize GNU userland contributions.
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