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In magnetism and electromagnetism, a magnetic field is a physical property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at each location. It is responsible for effects such as deflecting moving electric charges (including currents), exerting torques on magnets, and attracting or repelling magnets and magnetized materials. Magnetic fields are produced by moving electric charges (currents) and by magnetized materials, and when they vary with time they can induce electrical currents. Magnetic fields are described mathematically by vector fields. In SI electromagnetism there are two closely related magnetic field quantities: the magnetic flux density B and the magnetic field strength H. ISO defines the magnetic field in terms of H and B, and in vacuum they are related by B = ΞΌ0 H, while inside materials they differ because of magnetization. The B-field is commonly defined through its role in the Lorentz force law, which predicts the force on a moving charged particle, and it also determines magnetic forces, torques, and electromagnetic induction. The H-field is useful for calculations involving how currents and magnetized materials contribute to the field, though forces and energy calculations still ultimately require B.
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