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Marine biology studies the biology, diversity, adaptations, distribution, and interactions of organisms living in marine environments.
Marine biology is the scientific study of marine life and the organisms that inhabit oceans and other saltwater environments. Unlike taxonomy-based biology, it classifies and investigates organisms according to their marine environment, including species that may have close relatives living on land. Its scope ranges from microscopic phytoplankton, bacteria, viruses, and zooplankton to invertebrates, fish, reptiles, seabirds, marine mammals, algae, and marine plants. Marine biology also examines how these organisms interact with one another and with physical, chemical, and geological features of the ocean. The field covers an immense variety of habitats, including intertidal zones, estuaries, coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, mangroves, seamounts, hydrothermal vents, the open ocean, the sea floor, and deep-ocean trenches. It addresses marine ecosystems, biodiversity, organismal adaptations, food webs, life cycles, distribution, conservation, climate regulation, nutrient and carbon cycling, and the effects of human activities. Marine biology is closely related to biological oceanography, ecology, fisheries science, marine conservation, marine chemistry, and physical oceanography, and it has practical importance through contributions to food, medicine, biotechnology, tourism, climate regulation, and other ecosystem services.
Marine biology studies the biology, diversity, adaptations, distribution, and interactions of organisms living in marine environments.
Its scope extends from microscopic microbes and plankton to large marine mammals and includes coastal, pelagic, benthic, deep-sea, and trench habitats.
The field examines marine ecosystems, food webs, nutrient and carbon cycles, climate connections, biodiversity, and human impacts on ocean life.
Marine biology is interdisciplinary and overlaps with biological oceanography, ecology, fisheries science, conservation, chemistry, geology, and physical oceanography.
Marine organisms provide important ecosystem services, including food, medicines, raw materials, oxygen production, climate regulation, shoreline protection, recreation, and tourism.
The scientific study of organisms that live in marine environments and their relationships with one another and the ocean.
The study of interactions among marine organisms and between those organisms and their environment.
The study of how oceanic physical, chemical, and geological processes affect organisms and how organisms influence ocean systems.
The open-water environment near the surface or within the ocean water column, away from the sea floor.
A marine environment located on or near the ocean floor.
A marine habitat extending from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf.
The deep ocean beyond the continental shelves, containing distinct ecological zones that vary with depth and light.
Microscopic marine photosynthetic organisms that serve as major primary producers and contribute to global carbon cycling.
A community of marine organisms interacting with one another and with the physical and chemical conditions of the ocean.
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