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Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division in sexually reproducing eukaryotes that produces gametes (sperm and eggs). It involves two successive rounds of division (meiosis I and meiosis II) after DNA replication, ultimately generating four daughter cells that are haploid—each containing one copy of each chromosome. In mammals, meiosis completes only after fertilization, when the final stages are resumed to form the zygote. The overall purpose of meiosis is to (1) reduce chromosome number by half so that fertilization restores the diploid state, and (2) create genetic diversity among offspring. This diversity arises because homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic information through homologous recombination and chromosomal crossover during meiosis I, producing new combinations of maternal and paternal genetic material in the resulting gametes.
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