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Mendelian inheritance is defined by predictable inheritance patterns of traits controlled by specific genes and their alleles.
Mendelian inheritance (also called Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance based on principles proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865–1866, later re-discovered in 1900 and popularized in genetics. Its core idea is that heredity is strongly associated with individual genes: offspring traits are determined by specific gene variants (alleles) inherited from parents, rather than by continuous blending of many factors. Mendel’s work showed that traits behave in predictable patterns when organisms are crossed, leading to the classical laws of inheritance. These include dominance and uniformity (heterozygotes show the dominant phenotype), segregation (alleles separate during gamete formation so each gamete carries one allele per gene), and independent assortment (alleles for different traits can be inherited independently). Although many real traits can show exceptions (non-Mendelian inheritance), Mendelian inheritance became the foundation of classical genetics and helped connect heredity to probability and later to chromosome-based mechanisms.
Mendelian inheritance is defined by predictable inheritance patterns of traits controlled by specific genes and their alleles.
The core laws are dominance/uniformity, segregation of alleles during gamete formation, and independent assortment of different genes.
Mendelian genetics became central to classical genetics and can be mathematically modeled using probabilities, though many traits show non-Mendelian exceptions.
A model of biological inheritance in which traits follow predictable rules based on the inheritance of alleles at specific genes.
An alternative form of a gene that can be inherited from a parent and contributes to an organism’s genotype.
An allele whose effect is expressed in the phenotype when present in at least one copy (in a heterozygote).
An allele whose effect is typically hidden in heterozygotes and expressed in the phenotype mainly when homozygous.
The principle that alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation so each gamete carries only one allele per gene.
The principle that alleles for different genes can be inherited independently of one another during gamete formation.
A trait whose inheritance follows Mendel’s principles, typically depending on a single gene with dominant and recessive alleles.
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