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Natural selection occurs when individuals differ in survival and reproductive success due to differences in relative fitness.
Differential survival and reproduction is the core idea behind natural selection: individuals with certain heritable characteristics tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Because those traits increase relative fitness, they are more likely to be passed to the next generation, causing the frequencies of those traits to change over time in a population. This process requires heritable variation and differences in reproductive success. When environmental conditions favor particular traits, individuals carrying those traits leave more offspring, so the favored traits become more common. Over time, these changes can lead to microevolution (changes within populations) and, under sufficient divergence, potentially to speciation.
Natural selection occurs when individuals differ in survival and reproductive success due to differences in relative fitness.
Heritable variation is essential: traits that affect fitness must be passed from parents to offspring.
As favored traits become more common across generations, populations can change (microevolution) and may eventually diverge into new species (speciation).
Individuals with certain characteristics are more likely to survive to reproductive age than others, affecting which traits persist in the population.
Individuals with certain characteristics produce more (or more successful) offspring than others, changing trait frequencies across generations.
A measure of how successfully an individual reproduces compared with others in the population, based on how its traits affect survival and reproduction.
Differences among individuals in traits that are genetically influenced and can be transmitted to offspring.
The process by which differential survival and reproduction of individuals with heritable traits causes evolutionary change in populations over generations.
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