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Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support life. Through intake, organisms obtain nutrients (both macronutrients and micronutrients) that can be metabolized to generate energy and build chemical structures needed for survival, growth, and reproduction. If an essential nutrient is consumed in too little or too much quantity, malnutrition or nutrient-related health problems can result. The purpose of nutrition is therefore to ensure the body receives the right nutrients for proper metabolic function and maintenance. Nutritional needs vary by organism and by how they obtain nutrients—by consuming organic matter, consuming inorganic matter, absorbing light, or using combinations of these strategies. All life requires carbon, energy, and water, while different organisms (e.g., animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms) obtain and process nutrients in distinct ways to meet their specific requirements.
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