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Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support its life. By taking in nutrients, organisms obtain the substances they need—both macronutrients and micronutrients—that can be metabolized to produce energy and to build and maintain chemical structures. If an essential nutrient is consumed in too little or too much quantity, malnutrition can result. The purpose of nutrition is therefore to ensure survival, growth, and reproduction by supplying the body with necessary nutrients and enabling metabolic reactions. Different organisms require different nutrients and obtain them in different ways: some consume organic matter, some inorganic matter, some absorb light, and others can produce nutrients internally from basic elements. Across ecosystems, nutrient cycling also helps return essential elements to the environment after they are absorbed or consumed, supporting ongoing biological function.
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