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The Internet Protocol Suite is the collection of communication protocols that enables computers and networks to exchange data across the Internet. Its development grew from research into time-sharing, packet switching, and internetworking during the 1960s and 1970s. Important contributors included J. C. R. Licklider, Paul Baran, Donald Davies, Vint Cerf, and Bob Kahn. ARPANET provided a major testing ground, while projects such as the NPL network and France’s CYCLADES influenced packet switching and the end-to-end design principle. The suite evolved primarily through the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), which allow data to be divided into packets, addressed, routed across interconnected networks, and reliably delivered when required. The adoption of TCP/IP, the creation of the Domain Name System, the NSFNET project, and the rise of commercial Internet service providers helped transform experimental networks into the global Internet. Fiber-optic expansion and technologies such as the World Wide Web later enabled rapid growth in communication, commerce, entertainment, and social interaction.
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