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The Ottoman Empire originated in northwestern Anatolia around 1299, during the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Anatolia was divided among several independent Turkish principalities known as beyliks, while the Byzantine Empire still controlled territories along the frontier. Osman I, the leader of one beylik in the Bithynia region, established the principality from which the Ottoman dynasty took its name. His followers included Turkoman tribesmen and Byzantine renegades, and the early state expanded by capturing Byzantine towns along the Sakarya River.
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