Ottoman Empire: Structure, History, and Society

Etymology of the Ottoman Empire name

The name “Ottoman Empire” comes from Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman polity and the ruling House of Osman (the Ottoman dynasty). “Ottoman” is an English historical form of Osman’s name, linking the empire’s identity to its dynastic founder. Osman’s personal name is itself the Turkish form of the Arabic name ʿUthmān (عثمان). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAlīye-yi ʿOs̱mānīye (دولت عليه عثمانیه), literally “Sublime Ottoman State,” or more simply Devlet-i ʿOs̱mānīye (دولت عثمانیه), “Ottoman State.” The Turkish adjective Osmanlı (“Ottoman”) originally described Osman’s tribal followers, later becoming a label for the empire’s military-administrative elite.

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Rise of the Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1453)

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