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Penetration testing (pen testing) is a controlled, authorized simulation of cyberattacks. Its purpose is to identify vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. The instructor framed pen testing as a security assurance activity, not “hacking for fun.” It is structured, ethical, and legally bounded.
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Modern systems are complex, which increases the number of potential weaknesses. Attackers also evolve continuously, so defenses must be validated against current tactics. Pen testing supports compliance (PCI-DSS, HIPAA, ISO 27001), gives executives measurable security posture data, and helps validate incident response capabilities.
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