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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants (and other photosynthetic organisms) make their own food using sunlight. In plant cells, chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures light energy and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar used for energy and growth) while releasing oxygen as a waste product. Overall, photosynthesis transforms light energy into chemical energy. Carbon dioxide enters leaves through stomata, and water is absorbed by root hair cells and transported to the leaves. The reactions occur in two main phases: light-dependent reactions (which require light) split water (photolysis) to produce oxygen, and generate ATP and NADPH; light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use ATP and NADPH plus carbon dioxide to build glucose. Glucose can be used in respiration to release energy and can also be stored or converted into other compounds for growth and reproduction.
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