Positive Psychology and Human Flourishing

Definition and Scope of Positive Psychology

Positive psychology is the scientific study of the conditions and processes that support positive psychological states, well-being, flourishing, positive relationships, and positive institutions. It examines how individuals and communities function at their best, focusing on strengths such as optimism, resilience, gratitude, talents, and virtues rather than concentrating only on mental illness or dysfunction. The field developed prominently in the 1990s, especially through the work of Martin Seligman, while drawing on earlier humanistic psychology and philosophical ideas such as Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia, or human flourishing. The scope of positive psychology includes positive emotions, individual strengths and virtues, meaningful engagement, positive relationships, achievement, and supportive social institutions. It distinguishes between hedonic well-being, involving pleasure and life satisfaction, and eudaimonic well-being, involving purpose, meaning, personal growth, and optimal functioning. Its findings and interventions are applied in education, workplaces, healthcare, mental-health recovery, families, and community development to promote more fulfilling and meaningful lives.

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Human Flourishing, Happiness, and Well-Being

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