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Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in which the quantum state of two or more particles cannot be described independently, even when the particles are separated by large distances. Measurements of properties such as spin, polarization, momentum, or position can produce strong, sometimes perfect, correlations between the particles. For example, two particles with a total spin of zero may always be measured with opposite spins along the same axis. Entanglement is a distinctly quantum feature with no exact classical counterpart. Although measuring one particle changes the state used to describe the entangled system and reveals correlated information about the other, the individual measurement results are unpredictable. Therefore, entanglement cannot be used by itself to transmit information faster than light. Experiments testing Bell inequalities have confirmed that these correlations cannot be explained by local hidden variables, and entanglement is now considered a valuable resource for quantum communication, cryptography, and computation.
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