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Stem cells are earliest lineage cells that can self-renew indefinitely and generate multiple cell types.
Stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells in multicellular organisms that can give rise to multiple cell types and proliferate indefinitely to produce more stem cells. They are the earliest cells in a cell lineage and are found in both embryonic and adult organisms, though their properties differ. Stem cells are distinguished from progenitor cells (which cannot divide indefinitely) and from precursor/blast cells (which are usually committed to differentiating into a specific cell type). In mammals, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) originate from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst (about 50–150 cells at days 5–14). These ICM cells have stem-cell capability and, in vivo, differentiate into all body cell types through the formation of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), making them pluripotent. When isolated and cultured in vitro, they can be maintained in the stem-cell state as ESCs. Adult stem cells reside in specific body niches (e.g., bone marrow or gonads) and are typically multipotent or unipotent, serving to replenish rapidly lost cell types. Adult stem cells are a small minority of cells compared with progenitors and terminally differentiated cells.
Stem cells are earliest lineage cells that can self-renew indefinitely and generate multiple cell types.
Embryonic stem cells come from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and are pluripotent, differentiating into derivatives of the three germ layers.
Adult stem cells live in niches and are usually multipotent or unipotent, replenishing specific tissues while being outnumbered by progenitor and differentiated cells.
An undifferentiated or partially differentiated cell that can differentiate into various cell types and proliferate indefinitely to produce more stem cells.
The cell population within the blastocyst that gives rise to embryonic stem cells and can differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers.
The ability of a stem cell to differentiate into nearly all cell types of the body (but not extraembryonic tissues like the placenta).
The ability of a stem cell to differentiate into multiple cell types within a related family of tissues.
A specialized microenvironment in the body where adult stem cells reside and from which they receive signals that regulate their behavior.
A cell type that can differentiate into specific lineages but cannot divide indefinitely like stem cells.
A cell that is typically committed to differentiating into one cell type rather than maintaining indefinite self-renewal.
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