Stoichiometry: Quantitative Reaction Calculations

Stoichiometry definition and purpose

Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions, based on the law of conservation of mass. Because atoms are conserved, a balanced chemical equation provides ratios (from the coefficients) that let you calculate how much product will form from given amounts of reactants, or how much reactant is needed to produce a desired amount of product. Its purpose is to enable conversions between measurable quantities such as grams and moles and to determine reaction outcomes. Stoichiometry supports reaction stoichiometry (molar ratios between substances in a reaction), composition stoichiometry (elemental proportions in compounds), and gas stoichiometry (using ideal-gas assumptions to relate gas amounts, volumes, and pressures). It also helps identify the stoichiometric amount (the optimum ratio where reactants are fully consumed), determine the limiting reagent and theoretical yield, and compute percent yield when actual yield differs from the theoretical value.

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Conservation of mass and integer ratios

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