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The Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used on the Internet and similar networks by functional scope. Its purpose is to enable end-to-end data communication by defining how data is packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. The suite’s foundational protocols are IP (Internet Protocol) along with TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). The suite is structured into four abstraction layers: the link layer, internet layer, transport layer, and application layer. Together, these layers form a protocol stack for a given application, where each layer provides services to the layer above it. The scope of the suite includes both the core protocols and related support standards, with technical specifications maintained by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Key architectural principles include end-to-end communication, encapsulation across layers, and robustness in how implementations send and accept data.
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